The evolution of transportation in Vietnam has mirrored the country’s broader economic growth and urban development. For much of the 20th century, Vietnam’s infrastructure was underdeveloped, with limited access to modern roads, railways, or public transportation networks. However, with the rapid industrialization and globalization of the 21st century, the transportation landscape in Vietnam has transformed significantly.

Before the 1990s, travel in Vietnam was dominated by informal, traditional modes of transport. Pedicabs, bicycles, and boats were the primary means of moving people and goods, especially in rural and coastal regions. The road network was fragmented, and the transport system was not equipped to handle the increasing demands of a growing population.

However, as Vietnam entered the 1990s and embraced economic reforms, the country began to lay the groundwork for the development of its transportation infrastructure. Urbanization in cities like Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi led to a dramatic rise in demand for motorized transportation. The motorbike quickly became the dominant mode of transport, a phenomenon that continues to define the streets of Vietnam today.

In recent years, Vietnam has focused on modernizing its transportation systems. Major national highways have been upgraded to facilitate the movement of goods and passengers between cities. The construction of new expressways has greatly reduced travel time across regions, while projects such as the North-South Expressway have strengthened Vietnam’s road infrastructure.

Another area where the country has made great strides is in public transit. The introduction of metro systems in major urban centers has helped to reduce traffic congestion. Hanoi’s metro system, which opened in 2021, was a major milestone in the country’s efforts to modernize urban transportation. Similarly, Ho Chi Minh City’s metro system is under construction and is expected to open in the coming years, further alleviating congestion and promoting sustainable urban mobility.

Transportation innovation has also been spurred by the rise of tech-based solutions like ride-hailing apps, which have become immensely popular in cities. Grab, Uber (before it exited the market), and other local companies have made transportation more accessible and affordable, particularly for the younger, tech-savvy population.

Vietnam’s continued investment in transportation infrastructure will be crucial to support its rapidly growing economy and urban population. With a focus on sustainability, improved connectivity, and reduced congestion, Vietnam’s transportation system is on the path to becoming one of the most modern in Southeast Asia.